One in seven girls sexually abused before they turn 16 - report

Experts from the Centre of expertise on child sexual abuse (CSA Centre) warn child sexual abuse (CSA) has become more hidden and that the gap between recorded cases and levels of abuse is likely to be widening.

They warn of a decline in child sexual abuse cases identified by child protection services or police even before the coronavirus pandemic, when opportunities to spot children at risk were curtailed.

The CSA Centre, funded by the Home Office, analysed prevalence estimates and official data up to March 2020 in its latest report, The scale and nature of child sexual abuse.

It found that estimates vary, with 7.5% of adult respondents to the 2019 Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) reporting experience of CSA before turning 16 – a similar proportion to those who experienced physical abuse.

A 2009 NSPCC study found that 24.1% of UK 18 to 24-year-olds reported experiencing CSA up to age 18.

Based on these and other data, the CSA Centre suggests a more realistic estimate is that at least 15% of girls and 5% of boys experience some form of CSA before the age of 16.

This includes contact abuse in all forms, including acts by those under 18, as well as indecent exposure.

Existing data does not show how prevalence has changed over time, how much CSA is committed by under-18s or how much is facilitated online.

The CSA Centre said the majority of abuse is never reported or uncovered, and it is often not until adulthood that a survivor may speak out.

Fewer than 10% of children become known to agencies when abuse is taking place, according to the CSEW.

Figures analysed in the report from local authority children’s services show that England has seen its largest drop in child protection plans for CSA in 18 years.

There was a decline of 12% between 2018-19 and 2019-20, and a 60% drop in comparison to 1993-4.

Of all child protection plans in England, just 4% (2,600) were under the category of CSA, compared with almost a quarter (23%) in 1993/4.

This is despite England’s local authorities finding that 30,460 children were at risk of CSA in 2019/20.

At the same time, police-recorded CSA offences in England and Wales have levelled off.

Extrapolating the results of the NSPCC survey to reflect mid-2019 population levels suggests that 500,000 children experienced sexual abuse in the previous 12 months, the report found.

Since the period examined in the report, the coronavirus pandemic response is likely to have increased some of the known preconditions for CSA and limited professionals’ abilities to respond to concerns, it says.

The report reads: “In the year to March 2020 the overall picture was one of a continuing and significant gap between the number of children who experience sexual abuse and the much smaller number who are identified and supported by agencies.

“It is likely that the Covid-19 pandemic widened this gap further in 2020/21, with lockdowns making children even less likely to be able to be noticed or tell someone about their abuse.”

Ian Dean, director of the CSA Centre, called for better data, a national prevalence study and dedicated training to help professionals such as teachers, social workers and the police respond to concerns.

He said: “As a society it is not just that we don’t see child sexual abuse, we don’t want to see it – especially when it is happening close to us; we just don’t want it to be true.

“It is important that we all start to acknowledge the scale and nature of child sexual abuse and resist the urge to keep it at arm’s length.”

He added: “With families having spent the last year in ‘stay at home’ pandemic measures and in stretched childcare situations where online access was more prevalent and supervision was more of a challenge, it’s even more important that we act quickly and with confidence in protecting children.”

Javed Khan, Barnardo’s chief executive, said it is “essential” that better data collection finally provides an up-to-date estimate of how many children are being abused.

He said: “Too many children continue to slip through the net and miss out on support, meaning victims are increasingly hidden.

“We urgently need to close the widening gap between the true scale of abuse and the response recorded by agencies.”

Deborah Denis, chief executive of the Lucy Faithfull Foundation and Stop It Now! UK and Ireland, said CSA should be tackled with the same determination and resolve brought to overcoming Covid-19.

She said: “We know most children who are sexually abused are abused in the family environment, typically by someone they know, including by other children and young people.

“We know that most sexually abused children don’t come to the attention of the authorities, and today’s report shows that this problem of under-identification is getting worse.”

Home Secretary Priti Patel said: “Child sexual abuse is one of the worst crimes imaginable and we have been relentless in our efforts to tackle it.

“This year we published a first-of-its-kind national strategy to respond to all forms of child sexual abuse, go after abusers and better protect victims and survivors.

“We have also invested in the National Crime Agency to tackle offending and transformed the Child Abuse Image Database used by law enforcement.

“The Government is constantly striving to better understand the scale and nature of child sexual abuse, which is why we established and fund the CSA Centre to improve our understanding of the issue and what works to tackle and prevent it.”